Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Acacia seyal Methanolic Leaf Extract

Ahmed A. Mustafa; Ahmed S. Kabbashi; Ahlam M. Keshar; Amel M. Abdrabo; Wahaj M. Mohammed

Ahmed A. Mustafa Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Sudan
Ahmed S. Kabbashi Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
Ahlam M. Keshar Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya
Amel M. Abdrabo Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
Wahaj M. Mohammed Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical profile of methanolic leaf extract derived from Acacia seyal. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted using standard test tube methods to identify the major secondary metabolite classes. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed against a panel of clinically relevant pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, by using the agar well diffusion method, performed in triplicate. The extract exhibited inhibitory effects, with the most pronounced activity observed against Staphylococcus aureus (mean zone of inhibition: 18.6 ± 0.05 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method, revealing MIC values of 25 mg/ml for S. aureus and C. albicans, 50 mg/ml for E. coli, and 100 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa. This study has several limitations, including the absence of positive controls (e.g., standard antibiotics), lack of cytotoxicity assessment, preliminary nature of qualitative phytochemical analysis, and the need for in vivo validation. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary screening results that require further confirmation using more rigorous experimental designs.

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